// ORBITAL LOGISTICS AND PROPULSION TERM

Keplerian Elements

Keplerian elements are a set of six numbers that precisely describe the shape, size, and orientation of an elliptical orbit for a celestial body or spacecraft.

Keplerian Elements — illustration from Wikipedia
Image via Wikipedia

TECHNICAL DEFINITION

Keplerian elements are a set of six classical orbital parameters (semi-major axis, eccentricity, inclination, longitude of the ascending node, argument of periapsis, true anomaly at epoch) that uniquely define the two-body elliptical orbit of a celestial object or spacecraft.

BACKGROUND

Space-based solar power is the concept of collecting solar power in outer space with solar power satellites (SPS) and distributing it to Earth. Its advantages include a higher collection of energy due to the lack of reflection and absorption by the atmosphere, the possibility of very little night, and a better ability to orient to face the Sun. Space-based solar power systems convert sunlight to some other form of energy which can be transmitted through the atmosphere to receivers on the Earth's surface.

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SYNONYMS & ALIASES

  • Orbital elements
  • classical orbital elements
  • COEs

USAGE NOTE

Space agencies use Keplerian elements to track and predict the positions of satellites and space debris.

DEVELOPERS

Organizations developing technology related to Keplerian Elements.

  • SpaceX

    Designs, manufactures, and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. Heavily relies on orbital mechanics and Keplerian elements for mission planning, satellite deployment (Starlink), and maneuvering.

  • LeoLabs

    Provides radar-based space situational awareness (SSA) services, tracking objects in low Earth orbit and generating precise orbital data, including Keplerian elements, for collision avoidance and space traffic management.

  • Astroscale

    Develops services and technologies for space debris removal and on-orbit servicing, which requires precise understanding and manipulation of satellite orbits using principles like Keplerian elements.

  • Northrop Grumman

    A global aerospace and defense technology company involved in designing, developing, and operating space systems, satellites, and ground segments where orbital mechanics and Keplerian elements are fundamental.

  • European Space Agency (ESA)

    An intergovernmental organization dedicated to the exploration of space. ESA manages numerous satellite missions, develops launch systems, and conducts space debris monitoring, all of which utilize Keplerian elements for orbital determination and propagation.

  • NASA

    The U.S. government agency responsible for the civilian space program, aeronautics, and aerospace research. NASA extensively uses Keplerian elements for planning and executing missions, tracking spacecraft, and managing orbital assets.

  • ExoAnalytic Solutions

    Operates a global network of telescopes for space situational awareness, providing precise orbital tracking and data, including Keplerian elements, for government and commercial clients.

  • Lockheed Martin

    A global security and aerospace company that researches, designs, develops, manufactures, and sustains advanced technology systems, products, and services. Their space systems division heavily relies on orbital mechanics and Keplerian elements for satellite operations.

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