// ORBITAL LOGISTICS AND PROPULSION TERM
Low Earth Orbit
An orbit relatively close to Earth's surface, typically between 160 km and 2,000 km altitude. Many satellites, including the International Space Station, operate in LEO.
TECHNICAL DEFINITION
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is an orbital regime ranging from approximately 160 km to 2,000 km above Earth's surface, characterized by shorter orbital periods and lower energy requirements for spacecraft like the ISS and many remote sensing satellites.
BACKGROUND
Very low Earth orbit (VLEO) is a range of geocentric orbits with lowest altitudes below 400 km (250 mi). It is of increasing commercial importance in a variety of scenarios and for multiple applications, in both private and government satellite operations. Applications include Earth observation, telecommunications, and rural internet access among others.
READ MORE ON WIKIPEDIASYNONYMS & ALIASES
- LEO
- Near-Earth orbit
- Close orbit
USAGE NOTE
LEO is a popular choice for Earth observation, scientific research, and broadband internet constellations due to lower launch costs and reduced signal latency.
DEVELOPERS
Organizations developing technology related to Low Earth Orbit.
Develops and operates the Starlink satellite internet constellation in Low Earth Orbit, and provides launch services to LEO for its own payloads and third parties via its Falcon rockets.
Developing a large constellation of satellites to be deployed in Low Earth Orbit to provide global broadband internet access.
Operates a constellation of satellites in Low Earth Orbit to provide global internet connectivity services.
Designs, manufactures, and launches small satellites to Low Earth Orbit using its Electron rocket, and is developing the Neutron launch vehicle for larger LEO missions.
Operates the world's largest fleet of Earth observation satellites in Low Earth Orbit, providing daily imagery and insights.
Developing the Dream Chaser spaceplane for cargo and future crew transport to Low Earth Orbit destinations, and is a partner in the development of the Orbital Reef commercial space station.
A major aerospace and defense company involved in the development and manufacturing of LEO satellites, providing launch services for LEO missions, and conducting resupply missions to the International Space Station in LEO.
A key contractor for the International Space Station in Low Earth Orbit, and develops the Starliner crew capsule for transporting astronauts to LEO destinations. Also manufactures satellites for various orbital applications.
Manages and operates the International Space Station in Low Earth Orbit, conducts research, and funds development of technologies and commercial capabilities for LEO activities and future LEO destinations.