// ORBITAL LOGISTICS AND PROPULSION TERM

Combustion

Combustion is the rapid chemical reaction, usually involving oxygen, that produces heat and light, like burning fuel in a rocket engine.

Combustion — illustration from Wikipedia
Image via Wikipedia

TECHNICAL DEFINITION

Combustion is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, typically oxygen, producing heat, light, and gaseous products, which in rocket engines generates the high-velocity exhaust required for thrust.

BACKGROUND

Skyroot Aerospace Private Limited is an Indian private aerospace manufacturer and commercial launch service provider headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. The company was founded by two former ISRO scientists, Pawan Kumar Chandana, and Naga Bharath Daka.

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SYNONYMS & ALIASES

  • Burning
  • Ignition
  • Oxidation
  • Detonation

USAGE NOTE

Efficient combustion of propellants is crucial for rocket engine performance.

DEVELOPERS

Organizations developing technology related to Combustion.

  • Aerojet Rocketdyne

    A major American manufacturer of rocket propulsion systems. They develop and produce a wide range of liquid-propellant and solid-propellant rocket engines, including the RS-25 engine for NASA's SLS and the RL10 upper-stage engine, all of which rely on advanced combustion technologies.

  • SpaceX

    Designs, manufactures, and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company develops its own rocket engines, including the Merlin family (gas-generator cycle) and the Raptor engine, the first operational full-flow staged combustion engine.

  • Blue Origin

    An aerospace manufacturer developing rockets and engines for spaceflight. Their engine portfolio, including the BE-3 (hydrogen-fueled) and the BE-4 (methane-fueled, oxygen-rich staged combustion), represents significant development in rocket engine combustion.

  • Ursa Major Technologies

    A US-based company focused exclusively on developing and manufacturing rocket engines for the satellite launch and hypersonics industries. They specialize in advanced combustion cycles, such as oxygen-rich staged combustion, for their liquid rocket engines.

  • Northrop Grumman

    A global aerospace and defense technology company. Its space division is a leading producer of solid rocket motors (SRMs), including the large boosters for NASA's Space Launch System (SLS), which involves the complex science of solid propellant combustion.

  • Reaction Engines Ltd.

    A British aerospace company developing the SABRE (Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine), a hybrid engine designed to operate as both a jet and a rocket. The technology involves highly advanced combustion systems for both air-breathing and pure rocket modes.

  • ArianeGroup

    A European aerospace company that is the prime contractor for the Ariane family of launchers. They develop and produce liquid propulsion systems, including the Vulcain and Vinci cryogenic engines, which are central to Europe's space access capabilities.

  • Rocket Lab

    An aerospace company known for its Electron launch vehicle, which is powered by multiple Rutherford engines. The company is advancing its combustion technology with the development of the larger Archimedes engine for its next-generation Neutron rocket.

  • Stoke Space

    A startup developing a fully reusable second stage for orbital rockets. Their novel design utilizes a full-flow staged combustion engine with a unique annular aerospike configuration, pushing the boundaries of combustion chamber and nozzle design for reusability.

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