// UNMANNED SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GEN WARFARE TERM

Low Probability of Intercept

Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) is a feature of a communication or radar system designed to make its signal very difficult for an enemy to detect. By using techniques like spreading the signal over a wide frequency range or using very low power, it effectively hides in the background noise.

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TECHNICAL DEFINITION

Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) is a critical electronic warfare (EW) characteristic of military radar and communication systems that employs techniques like frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), low power density, and complex waveforms to minimize the signal's detectability by hostile electronic support measures (ESM) or signals intelligence (SIGINT) receivers.

BACKGROUND

Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

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SYNONYMS & ALIASES

  • covert communications
  • stealth radar
  • LPI waveform
  • signal hiding
  • anti-intercept
  • stealth comms
  • covert signal

USAGE NOTE

LPI is a critical design requirement for stealth platforms like fighter jets and warships to avoid detection while using their own sensors.

DEVELOPERS

Organizations developing technology related to Low Probability of Intercept.

  • Northrop Grumman

    Develops advanced Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars, such as the AN/APG-81 for the F-35, which incorporate sophisticated Low Probability of Intercept and Low Probability of Detection (LPI/LPD) modes to reduce detection by enemy electronic support measures.

  • RTX (Raytheon)

    A leading developer of radar and sensor systems. Their AESA radars, like the AN/APG-79, are designed with advanced LPI features that spread energy over a wide bandwidth and use complex waveforms, making them difficult for adversaries to detect and identify.

  • L3Harris Technologies

    Specializes in secure communication systems and tactical datalinks. The company develops and produces advanced waveforms and radios that employ LPI techniques like frequency hopping and direct-sequence spread spectrum to ensure covert communications.

  • BAE Systems

    Develops integrated electronic warfare (EW) suites and communication systems. Their technologies focus on providing secure, jam-resistant communications and sensor capabilities with LPI characteristics to enhance mission survivability and stealth for platforms like the F-35 fighter.

  • Lockheed Martin

    As the prime contractor for stealth aircraft like the F-22 and F-35, Lockheed Martin integrates various LPI systems, including radar, communications, and data links. The company's focus is on achieving a low overall observable signature for the entire platform.

  • Thales Group

    A global technology company that develops advanced radar, communications, and electronic warfare systems. Their products, such as the RBE2 AESA radar for the Rafale fighter jet, incorporate LPI modes to minimize the risk of detection by enemy sensors.

  • Saab AB

    A Swedish defense company that develops advanced fighter jets and radar technology. Their family of Giraffe ground-based radars and Raven AESA fighter radar are designed with sophisticated LPI features for enhanced survivability and operational stealth.

  • Viasat

    A provider of secure networking systems and satellite communications for military applications. They develop protected satellite communication (SATCOM) waveforms and terminals with LPI and anti-jam capabilities for resilient command and control in contested environments.

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