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ICBM

An ICBM, or Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, is a very long-range missile primarily designed to deliver nuclear warheads across continents, typically from land-based silos or mobile launchers.

ICBM — illustration from Wikipedia
Image via Wikipedia

TECHNICAL DEFINITION

An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) is a land-based, strategic ballistic missile system designed for nuclear deterrence, capable of delivering multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) over intercontinental distances, typically exceeding 5,500 kilometers.

BACKGROUND

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), formerly Theater High Altitude Area Defense, is an American anti-ballistic missile defense system, deployed since 2008, designed to intercept and destroy short-, medium-, and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase. The THAAD interceptor carries no warhead, instead relying on its kinetic energy of impact to destroy the incoming missile. THAAD was developed after the experience of Iraq's Scud missile attacks during the Gulf War in 1991.

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SYNONYMS & ALIASES

  • Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
  • strategic missile
  • long-range ballistic missile
  • land-based nuclear missile

USAGE NOTE

ICBMs are a key component of a nation's nuclear triad, serving as a critical element of strategic deterrence doctrine.

DEVELOPERS

Organizations developing technology related to ICBM.

  • Northrop Grumman

    Prime contractor for the U.S. Air Force's Sentinel program (formerly Ground Based Strategic Deterrent - GBSD), which is developing the next generation of intercontinental ballistic missiles to replace the Minuteman III fleet.

  • Lockheed Martin

    Develops a wide range of advanced strategic missile technologies, including re-entry systems, propulsion, and guidance components for ballistic missiles, and plays a significant role in developing missile defense systems designed to counter ICBMs.

  • Boeing

    Has a long history in the development and sustainment of U.S. ICBMs, including the Minuteman family. Boeing continues to support strategic deterrence programs and contributes to various aspects of ICBM technology.

  • Roscosmos

    The State Corporation for Space Activities Roscosmos oversees Russia's space industry and is responsible for the development and production of strategic missile systems, including various types of intercontinental ballistic missiles for the Russian armed forces.

  • China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC)

    A state-owned enterprise in China that is a primary contractor for the research, design, and manufacture of a wide range of aerospace and defense products, including the development of China's intercontinental ballistic missiles.

  • RTX (formerly Raytheon Technologies)

    Develops advanced sensor systems, command and control software, and interceptor components for ballistic missile defense systems, which are designed to detect, track, and intercept incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles.

  • Missile Defense Agency (MDA)

    A research, development, and acquisition agency within the U.S. Department of Defense responsible for developing a layered ballistic missile defense system to protect the United States and its allies against ballistic missile threats, including ICBMs.

  • Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology (MITT)

    A Russian research institute and design bureau renowned for developing several mobile intercontinental ballistic missile systems, including the Topol-M and Yars, which constitute a significant part of Russia's strategic deterrent.

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