// ORBITAL LOGISTICS AND PROPULSION TERM

Space Probe

A space probe is an uncrewed spacecraft sent to explore distant parts of space, often beyond Earth's orbit, to gather scientific data.

TECHNICAL DEFINITION

A space probe is an uncrewed robotic spacecraft designed to travel beyond Earth's orbit to explore celestial bodies (planets, moons, asteroids, comets) or interstellar space, equipped with scientific instruments for remote sensing, in-situ analysis, and data transmission back to Earth.

BACKGROUND

Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital launch vehicles; deep-space communication; in-space propulsion; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures.

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SYNONYMS & ALIASES

  • Spacecraft
  • robotic explorer
  • deep space mission
  • interplanetary probe

USAGE NOTE

Space probes like Voyager 1 and 2 have provided invaluable data on the outer Solar System and interstellar space.

DEVELOPERS

Organizations developing technology related to Space Probe.

  • NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

    A federally funded research and development center managed by Caltech for NASA. JPL is the leading U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system, having designed and managed iconic probes like the Voyager spacecraft, the Mars rovers (e.g., Perseverance), and the Juno Jupiter orbiter.

  • European Space Agency (ESA)

    An intergovernmental organization of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space. ESA develops and launches probes for a wide range of scientific missions, such as the Rosetta mission to a comet, the Mars Express orbiter, and the upcoming Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE).

  • Lockheed Martin Space

    A major American aerospace and defense company that is a primary contractor for NASA. They have built numerous interplanetary spacecraft, including the Juno probe to Jupiter, the OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample-return craft, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

  • China National Space Administration (CNSA)

    The national space agency of China. CNSA has rapidly advanced its deep space exploration capabilities, successfully executing the Chang'e lunar sample-return missions and the Tianwen-1 mission, which placed an orbiter, lander, and rover on Mars.

  • Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

    The Japanese national aerospace and space agency. JAXA is renowned for its highly successful and technologically advanced sample-return missions, including Hayabusa and Hayabusa2, which collected and returned samples from asteroids.

  • Thales Alenia Space

    A Franco-Italian aerospace manufacturer that serves as a key contractor for ESA and other space agencies. They have built or contributed major systems to numerous space probes, including the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, BepiColombo to Mercury, and Cassini-Huygens.

  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

    The national space agency of India. ISRO is known for its cost-effective approach to space exploration, successfully launching the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and the Chandrayaan missions to the Moon.

  • Applied Physics Laboratory (APL)

    A university-affiliated research center at Johns Hopkins University. APL designs, builds, and operates robotic spacecraft for NASA. Notable missions include the New Horizons probe to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, and the Parker Solar Probe, which is studying the Sun's corona.

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